Ana Ramalho is a Portuguese national with policy and legal expertise in the field of intellectual property (IP) and European law. Currently an Assistant Professor of Intellectual Property, she holds a PhD in Copyright and European Law from the University of Amsterdam (2014), a Research Master in Intellectual Property Law from the University of Lisbon (2008), an LL.M. in Intellectual Property and Competition Law from the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (2007) and a 5-year advanced LL.B. from the University of Lisbon (1999). Throughout her career she has taken on commissioned research and consultancy on a range of international and European IP topics for several private and public institutions, including the World Intellectual Property Organization, the European Patent Office, and several EU institutions.