To understand the evolution of the Universe requires a concerted effort of accurate observation of the sky and fast prediction of structures in the Universe. N-body simulation is an effective approach to predicting structure formation of the Universe, though computationally expensive. Here, we build a deep neural network to predict structure formation of the Universe. It outperforms the traditional fast-analytical approximation and accurately extrapolates far beyond its training data. Our study proves that deep learning is an accurate alternative to the traditional way of generating approximate cosmological simulations. Our study shows that one can use deep learning to generate complex 3D simulations in cosmology. This suggests that deep learning can provide a powerful alternative to traditional numerical simulations in cosmology.

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